next up previous contents
Next: 8. PROBABILISTIC APPROACH FOR Previous: 7.4 Directions for Future

Bibliography

1
A. E. Abdin and J. J. Kaluarachchi.
Stochastic analysis of three-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media. 1. Spectra/perturbation approach.
Water Resources Research., 33(7):1549-1558, 1997.

2
A. E. Abdin and J. J. Kaluarachchi.
Stochastic analysis of three-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media. 2. Numerical simulations.
Water Resources Research., 33(7):1559-1566, 1997.

3
G. Adomian.
Applied stochastic processes.
In G. Adomian, editor, Stochastic System Analysis, pages 1-17. Academic Press, New York, 1980.

4
K. I. Al-Wali and P. J. Samson.
Preliminary sensitivity analysis of urban airshed model simulations to temporal and spatial availability of boundary layer wind measurements.
Atmospheric Environment., 30(12-2):2027-2042, 1996.

5
G. Alefeld and J. Herzberger.
``Introduction to Interval Computations''.
Academic Press, New York, 1983.

6
K. E. Atkinson.
``An Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Second Edition''.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.

7
R. Atkinson.
Gas-phase trophospheric chemistry of organic compounds: A review.
Atmos. Environ., 24A(1):1-41, 1990.

8
B. M. Ayyub and Kwan-Ling. Lai.
Selective sampling in simulation-based reliability assessment.
International Journal of Pressure Vessels & Piping., 46(2):229-249, 1991.

9
B. M. Ayyub and Kwan-Ling. Lai.
Structural reliability assessment with ambiguity and vagueness in failure.
Naval Engineers Journal., 104(3):21-35, 1992.

10
T. B. Bahder.
Mathematica for Scientists and Engineers.
Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1994.

11
D. Baldocchi, A. Guenther, P. Harley, et al.
The fluxes and air chemistry of isoprene above a deciduous hardwood forest.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series. A-Physical Sciences & Engineering, 315(1696):279-296, 1995.

12
T. S. Barrett.
Probabilistic Design for Rotordynamic Simulations using Receptance-based Reanalysis.
PhD thesis, Texas A&M University, 1996.

13
J. F. M. Barthelemy and L. E. Hall.
Automatic differentiation as a tool in engineering design.
Structural Optimization., 9(2):76-82, 1995.

14
L. R. Bauer and D. M. Hamby.
Relative sensitivities of existing and novel model parameters in atmospheric tritium dose estimates.
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 37(4):253-260.

15
J. C. Bezdek.
Fuzzy models -- what are they, and why?
Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 1(1):1-6, 1993.

16
C. Bischof, A. Carle, P. Khademi, and A. Mauer.
``The ADIFOR 2.0 System for the Automatic Differentiation of Fortran 77 Programs''.
Preprint MCS-P481-1194, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, and CRPC-TR94491, Center for Research on Parallel Computation, Rice University, 1994.

17
C. H. Bischof, P. Khademi, A. Mauer, and A. Carle.
ADIFOR 2.0 - automatic differentiation of Fortran 77 programs.
IEEE Computational Science & Engineering., 3(3):18-32, 1996.

18
C. H. Bischof, G. Pusch, and R. Knoesel.
Sensitivity analysis of the MM5 weather model using automatic differentiation.
Computers in Physics, 6(10):605-612, 1996.

19
C. H. Bischof, L. Roh, and A. J. Maueroats.
ADIC - an extensible automatic differentiation tool for ANSI-C.
Software-Practice & Experience., 27(12):1427-1456, 1997.

20
P. Bjerager.
On computation methods for structural reliability analysis.
Structural Safety, 9(2):79-96, 1990.

21
G. E. P. Box and N. R. Draper.
Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987.

22
G. E. P. Box, Hunter W. G., and Hunter J. S.
Statistics for Experimenters: An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis and Model Building.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978.

23
K. Breitung.
Probability approximations by log likelihood maximization.
Journal of Engineering Mechanics-ASCE., 117(3):457-477, 1991.

24
R. P. Broadwater, H. E. Shaalan, and W. J. Fabrycky.
``Decision Evaluation with Interval Mathematics: A Power Distribution System Case Study''.
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 9:59-65, 1994.

25
W. Bryc.
The Normal Distribution.
LNS 100. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995.

26
W. Brzakala and W. Pula.
Probabilistic analysis of foundation settlements.
Computers & Geotechnics., 18(4):291-309, 1996.

27
C. G. Bucher and U. Bourgund.
Fast and efficient response surface approach for structural reliability problems.
Structural Safety., 7(1):57-66, 1990.

28
G. R. Camilo.
Food Web Analysis of Macrobenthic Riffle Communities (South Llano River, Texas).
PhD thesis, Texas Tech University, 1992.

29
G. R. Carmichael, A. Sandu, and F. A. Potra.
Sensitivity analysis for atmospheric chemistry models via automatic differentiation.
Atmospheric Environment., 31(3):475-489, 1997.

30
R. F. Carsel and R. S. Parrish.
Developing joint probability distributions of soil water retention characteristics.
Water Resour. Res., 29:755-770, 1988.

31
M. C. Causley.
``User's Guide for the Urban Airshed Model. Volume IV: User's Manual for the Emissions Preprocessor System''.
(U.S. EPA-450/4-90-007D), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC., 1990.

32
Y. F. Chang and G. Corliss.
ATOMFT - solving ODEs and DAEs using taylor series.
Computers & Mathematics with Applications., 28(10-12):209-233, 1994.

33
H. M. L. Chaves and M. A. Nearing.
Uncertainty analysis of the WEPP soil erosion model.
Transactions of the ASAE., 34(6):2437-2444, 1991.

34
L. Chen, H. Rabitz, D. B. Considine, C. H. Jackman, and J. A. Shorter.
Chemical reaction rate sensitivity and uncertainty in a two-dimensional middle atmospheric ozone model.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres., 102(D13):16201-16214, 1997.

35
S. Chinchalkar.
Application of automatic differentiation to problems in engineering analysis.
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering., 118(1-2):197-207, 1994.

36
G. Christakos and V. M. Vyas.
``A composite space-time study of ozone distribution over the eastern United States''.
Atmospheric Environment., page (In Press), 1998.

37
R. A. Christensen.
Fitting Distributions to Data, Volume XI.
Entropy Ltd., 1994.

38
K. C. Chun.
``Uncertainty Data Base for Emissions-Estimation Parameters: Interim Report''.
``ANL/EES-TM-328'', Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 1987.

39
L. Cizelj, B. Mavko, and H. Riesch-Oppermann.
Application of first and second order reliability methods in the safety assessment of cracked steam generator tubing.
Nuclear Engineering & Design, 147(3):359-368, 1994.

40
D. C. Collins and R. Avissar.
An evaluation with the fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) of which land-surface parameters are of greatest importance in atmospheric modeling.
Journal of Climate., 7(5):681-703, 1994.

41
M. E. Coltrin, R. J. Kee, and F. M. Rupley.
Surface CHEMKIN: A general formalism and software for analyzing heterogeneous chemical kinetics at a gas-surface interface.
International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 23:1111, 1991.

42
G. Corliss, A. Griewank, T. Robey, and S. Wright.
Automatic differentiation applied to unsaturated flow -- ADOL-C case study.
Technical Memorandum ANL/MCS-TM-162, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, April 1992.

43
NRC (National Research Council).
Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution.
National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1991.

44
L. A. Cox.
Reassessing benzene risks using internal doses and Monte-Carlo uncertainty analysis.
Environmental Health Perspectives., 104(Suppl 6):1413-1429, 1996.

45
E. L. Crump, T. L. Jacobs, and P. A. Vesilind.
``Fuzzy-set Approach for Optimizing Sludge Application Land Selection''.
Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 119:53-71, 1993.

46
Decisioneering, Inc, Denver, CO.
Crystal Ball 4.0 for Risk Analysis.

47
F. R. deHoog, J. H. Knight, and A. N. Stokes.
An improved method for numerical inversion of laplace transforms.
SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput., 3:357-366, 1982.

48
R. G. Derwent.
Treating uncertainty in models of the atmospheric chemistry of nitrogen compounds.
Atmospheric Environment, 21(6):1445-1454, 1987.

49
L. Devroye.
Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation.
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986.

50
M. Dobmann, M. Liepelt, and K. Schittkowski.
Algorithm 746 - PCOM - A Fortran code for automatic differentiation.
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software., 21(3):233-266, 1995.

51
J. D. Doll and D. L. Freeman.
``Randomly Exact Methods''.
Science, 234:1356-1360, 1986.

52
W. M. Dong, W. L. Chiang, and F. S. Wong.
Propagation of uncertainties in deterministic systems.
Computers & Structures., 26(3):415-423, 1987.

53
C. H. Dou, W. Woldt, I. Bogardi, and M. Dahab.
Steady state groundwater flow simulation with imprecise parameters.
Water Resources Research., 31(11):2709-2719, 1995.

54
C. H. Dou, W. Woldt, I. Bogardi, and M. Dahab.
Numerical solute transport simulation using fuzzy sets approach.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology., 27(1-2):107-126, 1997.

55
E. P. Doughtery and Rabitz H.
A computational algorithm for the Green's function method of sensitivity analysis in chemical kinetics.
International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 11:1237-1249, 1979.

56
E. P. Doughtery, J. T. Hwang, and Rabitz H.
Further developments and applications of the Green's function method of sensitivity analysis in chemical kinetics.
International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 71(4):1794-1808, 1979.

57
S. G. Douglas, R. C. Keller, and E. L. Carr.
``User's Guide for the Urban Airshed Model. Volume III: User's Manual for the Diagnostic Wind Model''.
(U.S. EPA-450/4-90-007C), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC., 1990.

58
Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI.
SimuSolv Reference Guide - Volumes I and II.

59
N. R. Draper and H. Smith.
Applied Regression Analysis.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981.

60
A. M. Dunker.
The decoupled direct method for calculating sensitivity coefficients in chemical kinetics.
Journal of Chemical Physics, 81(5):2385-2393, 1984.

61
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Health Assessment Document for Tatrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene).
External Review Draft. EPA-600/8-82-005B, 1983.

62
U.S. EPA.
``Background Document for EPA's Composite Model for Landfills (EPACML).''.
Technical report, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C., 1990.
Background Document and User's Guide.

63
U.S. EPA.
``Guide for Regulatory Application of the Urban Airshed Model M-91.''.
(EPA-450/4-91-013), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC., 1991.

64
U.S. EPA.
``EPA's Composite Model for leachate Migration and Transformation Products (EPACMTP).''.
Technical report, U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C., 1995.
Background Document and User's Guide.

65
G. W. Evans, W. Karwowski, and M. R. Wilhelm.
``An Introduction to Fuzzy Set Methodologies for Industrial and Systems Engineering''.
In G. W. Evans, W. Karwowski, and M. R. Wilhelm, editors, Applications of Fuzzy Set Methodologies in Industrial Engineering, pages 3-11. Elsevier, New York, 1986.

66
A. H. Falls, G. J. McRae, and J. H. Seinfeld.
Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of reaction mechanisms for photochemical air pollution.
International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 10:1137-1162, 1979.

67
D. Farrar, B. Allen, K. Crump, and A. Shipp.
Evaluation of uncertainty in input parameters to pharmacokinetic models and the resulting uncertainty in output.
Toxicology Letters, 49:371-385, 1989.

68
V. V. Fedorov.
Analysis and design of simulation experiments for the approximation of models.
IIASA, WP-83-71, 1983.

69
G. Fichtner, H. J. Reinhart, and D. W. T. Rippin.
``Design of Flexible Chemical Plants by the Application of Interval Mathematics''.
Computers and Chemical Engineering, 14:1311-1316, 1990.

70
R. A. Fisher.
The Design of Experiments.
Hafner Press, New York, 1971.

71
G. S. Fishman.
Monte Carlo : Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications.
Springer Verlag, New York, 1996.

72
H. C. Frey.
Quantitative analysis of uncertainty and variability in environmental policy making.
Available from: Directorate for Science and Policy Programs, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H Street, NW, Washington, DC, September 1992.

73
J. D. Fuentes, D. Wang, H. H. Neumann, et al.
Ambient biogneic hydrocarbons and isoprene emissions from a mixed deciduous forest.
Journal of Atmospheric Chemitry, 25(1):67-95, 1996.

74
D. F. Gao, W. R. Stockwell, and J. B. Milford.
Global uncertainty analysis of a regional-scale gas-phase chemical mechanism.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres., 101(D4):9107-9119, 1996.

75
C. W. Gardiner.
Handbook of Stochastic Methods for Physics, Chemistry and the Natural Sciences.
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.

76
C. W. Gear.
The automatic integration of ordinary differential equations.
Communications of the ACM, 14:176-179, 1971.

77
C.W. Gear.
Numerical Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations.
Englewood Cliffs, 1971.

78
P. G. Georgopoulos.
``Regulatory Ozone Modeling: Status, Directions and Research Needs''.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 103 - Supplement 2:107-132, 1995.

79
P. G. Georgopoulos and A. Roy.
Review and evaluation of the Reactive Plume Model (RPM-II) modifications.
Ozone Research Center Technical Report ORC-TR93-01, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, 1993.

80
P. G. Georgopoulos and J. H. Seinfeld.
``Mathematical Modeling of Turbulent Reacting Plumes''.
A.R.B. Contract No. A0-044-32, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1986.

81
P.G. Georgopoulos, S. Arunachalam, and S.W. Wang.
Alternative Metrics for Assessing the Relative Effectiveness of NOx and VOC Emission Reductions in Controlling Ground-Level Ozone.
J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 47:838-850, 1997.

82
R. Ghanem and D. Ghiocel.
Comparative analysis of FORM/SORM and polynomial chaos expansions for highly nonlinear systems.
Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics, 1:535-538, 1996.

83
R. G. Ghanem and P. D. Spanos.
Stochastic Finite Elements: A Spectral Approach.
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991.

84
M. Gonzalez.
Analysis of the effect of microscale turbulence on atmospheric chemical reactions by means of the pdf approach.
Atmospheric Environment., 31(4):575-586, 1997.

85
A. Griewank.
On automatic differentiation.
In M. Iri and K. Tanabe, editors, Mathematical Programming: Recent Developments and Applications, pages 83-108. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

86
A. Griewank and G. F. Corliss, editors.
Automatic Differentiation of Algorithms: Theory, Implementation, and Application.
SIAM, Philadelphia, Penn., 1991.

87
A. Griewank, D. Juedes, and J. Utke.
Algorithm 755 - ADOL-C - a package for the automatic differentiation of algorithms written in C/C++.
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software., 22(2):131-167, 1996.

88
A. Guenther, P. Zimmerman, L. Klinger, et al.
Estimates of regional natural volatile organic compound fluxes from enclosure and ambient measurements.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 101(D1):1345-1359, 1996.

89
J. P. Gwo, L. E. Toran, M. D. Morris, and G. V. Wilson.
Subsurface stormflow modeling with sensitivity analysis using a Latin-Hypercube Sampling technique.
Ground Water., 34(5):811-818, 1996.

90
M. M. Hamed and P. B. Bedient.
On the performance of computational methods for the assessment of risk from ground-water contamination.
Ground Water, 35(4):638-646, 1997.

91
M. M. Hamed, P. B. Bedient, and C. N. Dawson.
Probabilistic modeling of aquifer heterogeneity using reliability methods.
Advances in Water Resources, 19(5):277-295, 1996.

92
M. M. Hamed, J. P. Conte, and P. B. Bedient.
Probabilistic screening tool for ground-water contaminant assessment.
Journal of Environmental Engineering, 121(11):767-775, 1995.

93
D. Hattis, S. Tuler, L. Finkelstien, and L. Zhi-Quan.
A Pharmakokinetic/Mechanism-Based Analysis of the Carcinogenic Risk of Perchloroethylene.
No. CTPID 86-7, Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986.

94
A. Heck.
``Introduction to Maple''.
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992.

95
B. Heller.
``MACSYMA for Statisticians''.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991.

96
J. C. Helton.
Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques for use in performance assessment for radioactive waste disposal.
pages 327-367, 1993.

97
M. Hohenbichler, S. Gollwitzer, W. Kruse, and R. Rackwitz.
New light on first- and second-order reliability methods.
Structural Safety., 4(4):267-284, 1987.

98
J. E. Horwedel, R. J. Raridon, and R. Q. Wright.
Sensitivity analysis of AIRDOS-EPA using ADGEN with matrix reduction algorithms.
Technical Memorandum ORNL/TM 11373, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1989.

99
J. E. Horwedel, R. J. Raridon, and R. Q. Wright.
Automated sensitivity analysis of an atmospheric dispersion model.
Atmospheric Environment., 26A(9):1643-1649, 1992.

100
Jim E. Horwedel.
GRESS: A preprocessor for sensitivity studies on Fortran programs.
In Andreas Griewank and George F. Corliss, editors, Automatic Differentiation of Algorithms: Theory, Implementation, and Application, pages 243-250. SIAM, Philadelphia, Penn., 1991.

101
P. Hovland, C. Bischof, D. Spiegelman, and M. Casella.
Efficient derivative codes through automatic differentiation and interface contraction - an application in biostatistics.
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing., 18(4):1056-1066, 1997.

102
P. H. Howard, editor.
``Handbook of Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals'', volume II.
Lewis Publishers, 1990.

103
P. J. Huber.
Robust statistical procedures.
SIAM, Philadelphia, 2nd edition, 1996.

104
M. Hurme, M. Dohnal, and M. Jaervalaeinen.
``Qualitative Reasoning in Chemical and Safety Engineering''.
Computers and Chemical Engineering, 17:441-446, 1993.

105
D. Hwang, D. W. Byun, and M. T. Odman.
An automatic differentiation technique for sensitivity analys is of numerical advection schemes in air quality models.
Atmospheric Environment., 31(6):879-888, 1997.

106
J. T. Hwang, E. P. Dougherty, and H. Rabitz.
The Green's function method of sensitivity analysis in chemical kinetics.
Journal of Chemical Physics, 69(11):5180-5191, 1978.

107
R. L. Iman and W. J. Conover.
Small sample sensitivity analysis techniques for computer models, with an application to risk assessment.
Communications in Statistics, Part A. Theory and Methods, 17:1749-1842, 1980.

108
R. L. Iman and M. J. Shortencarier.
A FORTRAN 77 program and user's guide for the generation of Latin Hypercube and random samples for use with computer models.
NUREG/CR-3624, SAND83-2365, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 1984.

109
M. Iri.
Roles of automatic differentiation in nonlinear analysis and high-quality computation.
Nonlinear Analysis-Theory Methods & Applications., 30(7):4317-4328, 1997.

110
J. C. Issac and R. K. Kapania.
Aeroelastic sensitivity analysis of wings using automatic differentiation.
AIAA Journal., 35(3):519-525, 1997.

111
Y. S. Jang, N. Sitar, and A. D. Kiureghian.
Reliability analysis of contaminant transport in saturated porous media.
Water Resources Research, 30(8):2435-2448, 1994.

112
P. H. M. Janssen, P. S. C. Heuberger, and R. Sanders.
UNCSAM: A tool for automating sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.
Environmental Software., 9(1):1-11, 1994.

113
M. Jerosolimski and L. Levacher.
New method for fast calculation of jacobian matrices: automatic differentiation for power system simulation.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems., 9(2):700-706, 1994.

114
N. L. Johnson and S. Kotz.
Distributions in Statistics: Continuous Multivariate Distributions.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1972.

115
C. H. Juang, X. H. Huang, and D. J. Elton.
Modelling and analysis of non-random uncertainties - fuzzy-set approach.
International Journal for Numerical & Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 16(5):335-350, 1992.

116
M. H. Kalos and P. A. Whitlock.
Monte Carlo Methods : Basics.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.

117
A. Karamchandani and C. A. Cornel.
Sensitivity estimation within first and second order reliability methods.
Structural Safety, 11(2):95-107, 1992.

118
L. S. Katafygiotis and C. Papadimitriou.
Dynamic response variability of structures with uncertain properties.
Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics., 25(8):775-793, 1996.

119
A. Kaufmann and M. M. Gupta.
Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic: Theory and Applications.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York, 1985.

120
R. B. Kearfott.
Algorithm 763: INTERVAL_ARITHMETIC: A fortran 90 module for an interval data type.
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 22(4):385-392, December 1996.

121
R. B. Kearfott, M. Dawande, K. Du, and C. Hu.
Algorithm 737: INTLIB: A portable Fortran-77 elementary function library.
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 20(4):447-459, December 1994.

122
R. B. Kearfott and V. Kreinovich, editors.
``Applications of Interval Computations'', volume 3 of Applied Optimization.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

123
A. I. Khuri and J. A. Cornell.
Response Surfaces: Design and Analyses.
Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.

124
T. W. Kim, S. H. Chang, and B. H. Lee.
Comparative study on uncertainty and sensitivity analysis and application to LOCA model.
Reliability Engineering & System Safety., 21(1):1-26, 1988.

125
G.J. Klir.
``The Many Faces of Uncertainty''.
In B.M Ayyub and M.M. Gupta, editors, Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis: Theory and Applications, pages 3-19. Elsevier Science, 1994.

126
J. G. Klir and B. Yuan.
Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications.
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1995.

127
M. Koda, G. J. McRae, and J. H. Seinfeld.
Automatic sensitivity analysis of kinetic mechanisms.
International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 11:427-444, 1979.

128
J. Korelc.
Automatic generation of finite-element code by simultaneous optimization of expressions.
Theoretical Computer Science., 187(1-2):231-248, 1997.

129
H. U. Koyluoglu, A. S. Cakmak, and S. R. K. Neilson.
``Interval algebra to deal with pattern loading and structural uncertainty''.
Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 121(11):1149-1157, 1995.

130
A. Kraslawski.
Review of applications of various types of uncertainty in chemical engineering.
Chemical Engineering & Processing., 26(3):185-191, 1989.

131
A. Kraslawski, T. Koiranen, and L. Nystrom.
``Concurrent Engineering: Robust Design in Fuzzy Environment''.
Computers and Chemical Engineering, 17S:S447-S452, 1993.

132
V. Kreinovich, L. Anatoly, J. Rohn, and P. Kahl, editors.
``Computational Complexity and Feasibility of Data Processing and Interval Computations'', volume 10 of Applied Optimization.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

133
K. Kubota.
PADRE2, a FORTRAN precompiler yielding error estimates and second derivatives.
In Andreas Griewank and George F. Corliss, editors, Automatic Differentiation of Algorithms: Theory, Implementation, and Application, pages 251-262. SIAM, Philadelphia, Penn., 1991.

134
S. Kutscher and J. Schulze.
``Some Aspects of Uncertain Modelling Experiences in Applying Interval Mathematics to Practical Problems''.
In H. Bandemer, editor, Modelling Uncertain Data, pages 62-68. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1993.

135
B. Lamb, D. Gay, H. Westberg, and T. Pierce.
Biogenic hydrocarbon emission inventory for the U.S.A. using a simple forest canopy model.
Atmos. Environ., 27A(11):1673-1690, 1993.

136
B. Lamb, A. Guenther, D. Gay, and H. Westberg.
National inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions.
Atmos. Environ., 21(8):1695-1705, 1987.

137
R. G. Lamb.
``Note on the Application of K-Theory to Diffusion Problems Involving Nonlinear Chemical Reaction''.
Atmospheric Environment, 7:257-263, 1973.

138
R. G. Lamb, W. R. Shu, D. R. Durran, J. H. Seinfeld, and L. E. Reid.
Continued research in mesoscale air pollution simulation modeling, volume VI: further studies in the modeling of microscale phenomena.
Technical report, U.S. EPA, 1984.
EPA-600/3-84-095B.

139
R.G. Lamb.
Continued research in mesoscale air pollution simulation modeling, volume iii: modeling of microscale phenomena.
Technical report, U.S. EPA, 1976.
EPA-60-0/4-76-016c.

140
B. W. Lee and O. K. Lim.
Application of the first-order perturbation method to optimal structural design.
Structural Engineering & Mechanics., 4(4):425-436, 1996.

141
J. T. Lim, H. J. Gold, G. G. Wilkerson, and C. D. Raper.
Monte carlo/response surface strategy for sensitivity analysis. application to a dynamic model of vegetative plant growth.
Applied Mathematical Modelling., 13(8):479-484, 1989.

142
X. Lin, O. T. Melo, D. R. Hastie, et al.
Case study of ozone production in a rural area of central ontario.
Atmos. Environ., 26A(2):311-324, 1992.

143
T. S. Liou and H. D. Yeh.
Conditional expectation for evaluation of risk groundwater flow and solute transport - one-dimensional analysis.
Journal of Hydrology., 199(3-4):378-402, 1997.

144
M. K. Liu, G. E. Moore, and H. Y. Holman.
``Survey of Plume Models for Atmospheric Application''.
Interin Report (EA-2243/1616-9), Systems Applications International, San Rafael, California, February 1982.

145
Y. Q. Liu and R. Avissar.
Sensitivity of shallow convective precipitation induced by land surface heterogeneities to dynamical and cloud microphysical parameters.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres., 101(D3):7477-7497, 1996.

146
W. L. Loh.
On Latin Hypercube Sampling.
Annals of Statistics., 24(5):2058-2080, 1996.

147
R. Lu, Y. Luo, and J. P. Conte.
Reliability evaluation of reinforced concrete beam.
Structural Safety, 14:277-298, 1994.

148
G. J. McRae, W. R. Goodin, and J. H. Seinfeld.
``Mathematical Modeling of Photochemical Air Pollution''.
Technical report, Environmental Quality Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1982.
(EQL report no. 18).

149
G. J. McRae, J. W. Tilden, and J. H. Seinfeld.
Global sensitivity analysis - a computational implementation of the fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST).
Computers and Chemical Engineering, 6(1):15-25, 1982.

150
C. Mischler, X. Joulia, E. Hassold, A. Galligo, and R. Esposito.
Automatic differentiation applications to computer aided process engineering.
Computers & Chemical Engineering., 19(Suppl):S779-S784, 1995.

151
R. E. Moore.
``Interval Analysis''.
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1966.

152
R. E. Moore.
``Methods and Applications of Interval Analysis''.
SIAM, Philadelphia, 1979.

153
E. R. Morris, E. C. Chang, Shepard S. B., and M. P. Ligocki.
``User's Guide to Version IV of the Reactive Plume Model (RPM-IV)''.
(SYSAPP-92/037), Systems Applications International, San Rafael, California, April 1992.

154
E. R. Morris and T. C. Myers.
``User's Guide for the Urban Airshed Model. Volume I: User's Guide for the UAM (CB-IV).''.
(EPA-450/4-90-007A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990.

155
A. Neumaier.
``Interval Methods for Systems of Equations''.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1990.

156
E. M. Oblow, F. G. Pin, and R. Q. Wright.
Sensitivity analysis using computer calculus: A nuclear waste application.
Nuclear Science & Engineering, 94(1):46-65, 1986.

157
H. Osnes.
Stochastic analysis of velocity spatial variability in bounded rectangular heterogeneous aquifers.
Advances in Water Resources., 21(3):203-215, 1998.

158
I. Ozaki and T. Terano.
Applying an automatic differentiation technique to sensitivity analysis in design optimization problems.
Finite Elements in Analysis & Design., 14(2-3):143-151, 1993.

159
W. W. Pan, M. A. Tatang, G. J. McRae, and R. G. Prinn.
Uncertainty analysis of direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 102(D18):21915-21924, 1997.

160
A. Papoulis.
Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes.
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.

161
F. G. Pin, B. A. Worley, et al.
An automated sensitivity analysis procedure for the performance assessment of nuclear waste isolation systems.
Nuclear & Chemical Waste Management, 6(3-4):255-263, 1986.

162
PLG, Inc, Newport Beach, CA.
RISKMAN: Integrated Quantitative Risk Assessment Package.

163
W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling.
``Numerical Recipes (Fortran Version)''.
Cambridge University Press, New York, 1989.

164
Primavera Systems, Inc, San Francisco, CA.
Monte Carlo 3.0.

165
G. J. Prokopakis.
Decoupled direct method for the solution of ordinary boundary value problems.
Applied Mathematical Modelling., 17(9):499-503, 1993.

166
M. L. Puri and D. A. Ralescu.
Fuzzy random variables.
J. Math. Analysis and Applications, 114:409-422, 1986.

167
S. Quin and G. E. O. Widera.
``Application of Fuzzy Relational Modeling to Industrial Product Quality Control''.
Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology - Transactions of the ASME, 118:121-124, 1996.

168
K. Radhakrishnan and D. A. Bittker.
GCKP86 - an efficient code for general chemical kinetics and sensitivity analysis computations.
Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion, 4:1-46, 1986.

169
M. E. Reed and W. B. Whiting.
Sensitivity and uncertainty of process designs to thermodynamic model parameters: a Monte Carlo approach.
Chemical Engineering Communications, 124:39-48, 1993.

170
R. H. Reitz and R. J. Nolan.
Physiological pharmacokinetic modeling for perchloroethylene dose adjustment.
Unpublished Data Submitted to EPA Science Advisory Board, 1986.

171
L. C. Rich and D. R. Hill.
Automatic differentiation in MATLAB.
Applied Numerical Mathematics., 9(1):33-43, 1992.

172
Y. Rong, R. F. Wang, and R. Chou.
Monte Carlo simulation for a groundwater mixing model in soil remediation of tetrachloroethylene.
Journal of Soil Contamination., 7(1):87-102, 1998.

173
S. J. Roselle.
Effects of biogenic emission uncertainties on regional photochemical modeling of control strategies.
Atmospheric Environment., 28(10):1757-1772, 1994.

174
T. Ross.
Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications.
McGraw-Hill, 1995.

175
N. Rostaing, S. Dalmas, and A. Galligo.
Automatic differentiation in Odyssee.
Tellus Series A-Dynamic Meteorology & Oceanography., 45A(5):558-568, 1993.

176
A. Roy.
Mechanistic Modeling of Transport and Metabolism in Physiological Systems.
PhD thesis, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 1997.

177
R. Y. Rubinstein.
Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method.
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981.

178
R. D. Scheffe and R. E. Morris.
A Review of the Development and Application of the Urban Airshed Model.
Atmospheric Environment, 27B:23-39, 1993.

179
B. A. Schichtel and R. B. Husar.
Regional simulation of atmospheric pollutants with the CAPITA Monte Carlo model.
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association., 47(3):331-343, 1997.

180
P. R. Schroeder et al.
``The hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance model (HELP): Volume I - Users guide for version I and Volume II - Documentation for version I.''.
Technical report, U.S. EPA, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., 1984.
EPA/530-SW-84-009.

181
J. H. Seinfeld.
``Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution''.
John Wiley & Sons, 1986.

182
J. H. Seinfeld.
Ozone air quality models: A critical review.
Journal of Air Pollution Control Association, 38(5):616-645, 1988.

183
K. Sexton and H. Westberg.
``Photochemical Ozone Formation from Petroleum Refinery Emissions''.
Atmospheric Environment, 17:467-475, 1983.

184
H. E. Shaalan and R. P. Broadwater.
``Using Interval Mathematics in Cost Benefit Analysis of Distribution Automation''.
Electric Power Systems Research, 27:145-152, 1993.

185
T. D. Sharkey.
Isoprene synthesis by plants and animals.
Endeavour, 20(2):74-78, 1996.

186
D. Shiriaev, A. Griewank, and J. Utke.
A User Guide to ADOL-F: Automatic Differentiation of Fortran Codes.
Institute of Scientific Computing, TU Dresden, Germany.

187
T. W. Simon.
Combining physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling with Monte Carlo simulation to derive an acute inhalation guidance value for trichloroethylene.
Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology., 26(3):257-270, 1997.

188
D. Simpson, A. Guenther, C. N. Hewitt, and R. Steinbrecher.
Biogenic emissions in europe .1. estimates and uncertainties.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 100(D11):22875-22890, 1995.

189
G. Sistla, S.T. Rao, and Godowitch J.
Sensitivity analysis of a nested ozone air quality model.
Proceedings of the AMS/AWMA Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications, New Orleans, LA, 1991.

190
V. Sitaraman and R. B. Oza.
Particle trajectory model of atmospheric dispersion on a parallel processing system.
Environmental Software., 11(4):229-234, 1996.

191
M. Smithson.
Ignorance and Uncertainty: Emerging Paradigms.
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988.

192
I. M. Sobol.
A Primer for the Monte Carlo Method.
CRC Press, 1994.

193
D. J. Spiegelhalter.
``A Statistical View of Uncertainty in Expert Systems''.
In W. A. Gale, editor, Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pages 17-55. Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1986.

194
M. Stein.
Large sample properties of simulations using Latin Hypercube Sampling.
Technometrics., 29(2):143-151, 1987.

195
D. A. Stewart and M. Liu.
``Development and Application of a Reactive Plume Model''.
Atmospheric Environment, 15:2377-2393, 1981.

196
E. A. Sudicky.
The Laplace Transform Galerkin Technique: A time-continuous finite element theory and application to mass transport in groundwater.
Water Resour. Res., 25(8):1833-1846, 1989.

197
M. A. Tatang.
``Combined Stochastic and Deterministic Approach in Solving Stochastic Differential Equations''.
Master's thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 1992.

198
M. A. Tatang.
``Direct Incorporation of Uncertainty in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Systems.''.
PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995.

199
M. A. Tatang, W. W. Pan, R. G. Prinn, and G. J. McRae.
An efficient method for parametric uncertainty analysis of numerical geophysical model.
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 102(D18):21925-21932, 1997.

200
R. Tomovi'c and M. Vukobratovi'c.
General Sensitivity Theory.
Elsevier, New York, 1972.

201
C. P. Tsokos.
Probability Distributions: An Introduction to Probability Theory with Applications.
Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, CA, 1972.

202
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Exposure Models Library (EML) and Integrated Model Evaluation System (IMES), March 1996.
EPA/600/C-92/002, Developed for the Office of Research and Development, USEPA, by Versar, Inc., Columbia, MD.

203
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Summary Report for the Workshop on Monte Carlo Analysis. EPA/630/R-96/001, September 1996.

204
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Policy for use of Probabilistic Analysis in Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-97/001, March 1997.

205
M. Th. van Genuchten.
A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44:892-898, 1980.

206
M. Vanderperk.
Effect of model structure on the accuracy and uncertainty of results from water quality models.
Hydrological Processes., 11(3):227-239, 1997.

207
B. E. Vieux and S. Needham.
Nonpoint-pollution model sensitivity to grid-cell size.
Journal of Water Resources Planning & Management-ASCE., 119(2):141-157, 1993.

208
J. Villadsen and M. L. Michelsen.
Solution of Differential Equation Models by Polynomial Approximation.
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1978.

209
L. Vuilleumier, R. A. Harley, and N. J. Brown.
First- and second-order sensitivity analysis of a photochemically reactive system (a Green's function approach).
Environmental Science & Technology., 31(4):1206-1217, 1997.

210
V. M. Vyas and G. Christakos.
Spatiotemporal analysis and mapping of sulfate deposition data over eastern usa.
Atmospheric Environment., 31(21):3623-3633, 1997.

211
A. Walia.
Microenvironmental Modeling Integrated With Geographic Information Systems for Exposure Analysis.
PhD thesis, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, January 1998.

212
P. Walley.
``Statistical Reasoning with Imprecise Probabilities''.
Chapman & Hall, London, 1991.

213
S.W. Wang, P.G. Georgopoulos, G. Li, and H. Rabitz.
Condensing Complex Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanisms - 1: The Direct Constrained Approximate Lumping (DCAL) Method Applied to Alkane Photochemistry.
Environ. Sci. Technol., In Press, 1998.

214
G. Whiffen, C. Shoemaker, C. H. Bischof, A. Ross, and A. Carle.
Application of automatic differentiation to groundwater transport models.
In A. Peters, editor, Computational Methods in Water Resources X, pages 173-182. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

215
W. B. Whiting, T. M. Tong, and M. E. Reed.
Effect of uncertainties in thermodynamic data and model parameters on calculated process performance.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research., 32(7):1367-1371, 1993.

216
G. Z. Whitten, H. Hogo, and J. P. Killus.
``The Carbon Bond Mechanism: A Condensed Kinetic Mechanism for Photochemical Smog'' Analysis Techniques to a Photochemical Ozone Model''.
Environmental Science and Technology, 14:690, 1980.

217
E. B. WIlson and M. M. Hilferty.
The distribution of chi-square.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17:684-688, 1931.

218
W. Winston.
Simulation Modeling Using @RISK (User's Guide to @RISK software).
Palisade Corporation - PAL #54, Newfield, New York, 1996.

219
K. L. Wood, K. N. Otto, and E. K. Antonsson.
``Engineering Design Calculations with Fuzzy Parameters''.
Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 52:1-20, 1992.

220
B. A. Worley, F. G. Pin, J. E. Horwedel, and E. M. Oblow.
ADGEN - ADjoint GENerator for computer models.
Technical Report ORNL/TM-11037, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1989.

221
J. Yen, R. Langari, and L. A. Zadeh.
Industrial Applications of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems.
IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey, 1995.

222
L. A. Zadeh.
``Fuzzy Sets''.
Information and Control, 8:338-253, 1965.

223
P. Zannetti.
``Air Pollution Modeling''.
Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.

224
D. X. Zhang.
Numerical solutions to statistical moment equations of groundwater flow in nonstationary, bounded, heterogeneous media.
Water Resources Research., 34(3):529-538, 1998.

225
J. Zimmermann and D. Poppe.
A supplement for the RADM2 chemical mechanism - the photooxidation of isoprene.
Atmos. Environ., 30(8):1255-1269, 1996.



Sastry S. Isukapalli
1999-01-19